R v Pryor, 2008 ONSC 73615

Accused was convicted on four counts of causing unnecessary suffering or cruelty to animals, contrary to s. 446(1)(c) of Criminal Code, following investigation launched by the OSPCA. Accused appealed convictions on ground that trial judge misapprehended evidence. Appeal dismissed. Accused received suspended sentence and three years’ probation, and restitution order payable to SPCA was made in sum of $25, 511.56. Accused appealed sentence. Appeal allowed with respect to the restitution order.

Pryor appealed the decision of the Animal Care Review Board stating the animals should be returned to him and he should pay a modest amount of the costs. The Court had no difficulty determining the horses were in distress and subject to unnecessary neglect and were properly removed from the farm.

The Court disallowed recovery costs for the removal of the animals from the property and found the initial bill was so inflated that Pryor was not required to pay the cost of the care of the animals while he disputed the bill.

R v Comber, 1975 ONSC, 120 CCC 341

Appeal by Crown, defendant acquitted at trial. Comber killed a dog that he believed was a stray, in a wildlife conservation area. He first injured it accidentally, then killed it to put it out of its misery. The dog belonged to Russel Wark. The judge held that the sincere and honest belief by the accused that the dogs are strays is not a legal justification for killing them. If the evidence indicates the dogs are dangerous to human beings or animals, lawful justification may be present but in the absence of evidence of such danger, there is no defence of legal justification under Code s. 401; however, that killing a dog to put him out of his misery did indeed constitute colour of right defense in this case.

The accused had accidentally shot the dog and then shoot the dog again to put it out of its misery. A vet testified the dog could have been saved. The Court accepted that he had a colour of right and was justified in his actions. Acquittal upheld.

R v Munroe, 2012 ONSC 4768

Facts: Munroe inflected multiple injuries of different types over a prolonged period on the two Boston terriers (Abby, aged six, weighing ten pounds; and Zoe, aged four, weighing under twenty pounds) belonging to his girlfriend. Zoe was left badly injured and Abby died. The autopsy revealed multiple severe injuries and trauma. Munroe was initially sentenced to 12 months jail, which was reduced to 6 months following the appeal, summarized below.

This was a conviction and sentencing appeal following a guilty finding on all four counts under sections 445(1)(a) and 455.1(1)(a) of the Criminal Code.

The Appellant submitted a “fresh evidence” application. One piece of evidence was about the nature of injuries Abby suffered, which the judge found simply added to or exacerbated the primary cause of her death: blunt force trauma. A second piece of evidence was about whether Abby had injured herself as a result of falling down the stairs, which the judge found was inconsistent with the Appellant’s testimony at trial. The third piece of evidence had to do with the age of Abby’s callused rib fractures, which the Appellant argued cast doubt on his exclusive opportunity to inflict harm. The judge found that none of the evidence was admissible as fresh evidence and thus the application was dismissed.

Regarding the sentence appeal, the court found that the trial judge erred in determining the length of custodial sentence. Thus, the sentence was reduced to six months from twelve months. The court also found two errors in the trial judge’s ancillary orders. The sentence was adjusted accordingly to reduce the restitution order and remove the probation requirement of psychiatric treatment.

R v Fuller, 1994 OJ No 4285

For $1000, accused assisted owner of a horse in attempting to kill the horse by use of a sledgehammer, hitting the horse over the head at least three times. The accused gave various versions of the events which were not believed by the police or the judge. Accused was hired to kill a horse.

Accused found guilty.

R v Collier, 2003 OJ No 3743

Animal control officers found Collier’s dog in her basement with a festering open wound. They charged her with cruelty to animals. The dog was taken to a veterinarian, who determined that it had been in that condition for one to two years. The dog was euthanized.

Sentencing of Collier, who pleaded guilty to a charge of animal cruelty. She was charged with causing pain to a dog by refusing to obtain veterinary treatment for it. Animal control officers found Collier’s dog in her basement with a festering open wound. They charged her with cruelty to animals. Collier was 64 years old and had no prior criminal record.

Held: Collier was given a conditional sentence of 60 days, as well as a term of probation. Collier was further prohibited from owning or being in a residence with animals for a period of two years, and she was ordered to pay restitution of the $700 veterinary bill. The restitution was to be paid to the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Despite Collier’s lack of criminal record, this was a crime which required specific and general deterrence and denunciation.

R v Blanchard, 2007 ONSC 52982; 2008 ONCA 4504

Appeal against conviction and sentence.

Held: appeal against conviction dismissed. His failure of due diligence was manifest. The trial judge was justified in finding liability on the basis of the appellant’s failure to do more to obtain immediate care for the dogs. Aggravating, prior criminal record, number of dogs neglected and position of trust. Crown had sought 30 days jail and defence sought a suspended sentence. Unclear the sentence received. Sentence appeal allowed in so much as there was no jurisdiction to delay the animal prohibition until the end of the probation period and the restitution order was reduced to account for the OPSCA’s sale of the 21 dogs.

The charges arose out of a search warrant where various animals were found in varying states of neglect, including birds, rabbits, sheep, chickens, horse and pig. Some were dead. The accused was charged with unnecessary pain, suffering or injury and criminal neglect in relation to dogs. The trial judge accepted the 21 dogs had come into the care of the accused in a badly matted state.

The conviction was based on he insufficient steps to have their neglected condition attended to. Superior Court accepted the care would not have been prohibitive and that care was available earlier and defence of due diligence was not therefore available (Note: accused was charged with criminal code charges – so this analysis seems flawed).

A stay on the unnecessary charge was entered after the findings of guilt.

The accused appealed stating the evidence of these other animals should not have been admitted. Superior Court accepted the admission of this evidence was a harmless error as the trial judge did not use this evidence as probative of the other charges before the Court.

Court of Appeal decision allowed the appeal and sent the matter back for a re-trial. The Court found the accused should have been granted an adjournment. The rest of the grounds of appeal were not examined.

R v Young, 1997 OJ No 6214 ONCJ

Accused threatened victim when it was discovered that victim was rightful owner of stolen vehicle he had attempted to purchase. Accused followed up on threat by destroying victim’s barn by fire, causing loss of property and livestock.

Sentencing of the accused Young on charges of arson, threatening to commit arson, and killing cattle. Young was alleged to be a member of a motorcycle gang. He was arrested in connection with a threat to burn down a building and the subsequent fire at the building. The threat was made to discourage the owner of the building from reporting the theft of his vehicle. The owner lost substantial property and several cattle in the fire. Young had a prior criminal record which included several property offences.

Held: Young was sentenced to five years imprisonment for arson, one year consecutive for threatening and a year and a half consecutive for killing the cattle. There was no other reasonable inference to draw but Young was connected with the motorcycle gang and organized crime. The arson was more serious than those committed for the purpose of collecting insurance proceeds. The offence was premeditated and calculated to threaten the victim. It was necessary to denounce this type of conduct. If not for the principle of totality, Young would have been sentenced to a longer period of imprisonment for the arson offence alone.

R v Shand, 2007 ONCJ 317

An older family dog was neglected by the busy daughter who owned it, and by other family members who were in a financial crisis that led to eviction from their home. The dog was overweight, there was some skin scalding on the thighs from urine, there were extensive skin sores across the dog’s back and hind quarter, the nails were overgrown and it had very poor dental health. The circumstances show a complete absence of basic regular care for the dog. The veterinary evidence indicates that the injuries to the dog’s skin result from the lack of basic care including brushing the coat and regular bathing.

SPCA called after family evicted and found an underweight dog with urine scalding, skin sores and overgrown nails and poor dental health. Charged with 446 neglect. Owner’s father, who occasionally walked the dog, was also charged. She testified she had noticed the sore and consulted with a vet but did not follow through.

Held: the father was acquitted and she was convicted. There was insufficient evidence of the father’s custody or control over the dog. The owner, however, while not intending the dog to suffer she was reckless. She was occupied with her own busy life and had little or no contact with her dog — She ignored her dog’s injury and the veterinary advice.

Found guilty on all charges except abandonment.

R v T.B., 2003 OJ No 6250; 2008 OJ No 360 ONCA

Defendant brought his dog to a party and attempted to use his dog as a weapon (was also charged with assault using a weapon). Defendant indicated in some form for his dog to attack someone and the person had to use a bottle (broken over the dog’s head) in order for the dog to let go.

Trial on charges of assault, assault with a weapon, aggravated assault, breach of probation, unnecessary suffering. It was alleged the accused used his dog as a weapon to severely bite people at an out of control house party. Defence agreed that a dog could be a weapon however claimed this accused did not have the sufficient control necessary in this case to be convicted. The Crown advances two scenarios, one that the defendant did have de facto control over the dog, in a physical way, and released the dog upon the complainants. And alternatively the Court could be satisfied that he egged on the dog, enticed the dog or urged the dog to attack, which evinces decision making capacity over the dog with an intention for the dog to be used as a weapon. The accused was acquitted of the animal abuse count because it was highly particularized and there was a doubt as to whether the defendant would have known that when he unleashed the dog he would have had the foreknowledge that the dog would have to be beaten to fend off the attacks. Furthermore there was no evidence of any injury to the dog as a result it been beaten to fend off the attacks. The only evidence of paid was a little cry when the dog was taken from the scene. The judge was satisfied the defendant had said “get him” and either unleashed or let the dog go. The judge was satisfied he said those words in an effort to have the dog attack persons whom he perceived were either hostile to him or part of a group of people that he was not liking, because they had asked him and his dog to leave the party. Judge was satisfied the pit bull, whether or not friendly in other context, appeared extremely unfriendly on that night, had teeth bared, was being riled up by the defendant, did follow the command given to it by the person in de facto control over it, the accused. The judge accepted that regardless of whether the dog’s collar had come off earlier, in other words, whether the defendant was holding the dog by the collar or the scruff of the neck, the defendant had control over the dog when it was released to attack. There was also accepted evidence that the dog appeared to circle back to the person that brought it to the party and it is logical that it would return to that person because that person had brought it to the party. The dog was looking for comfort or direction. Convictions entered.

Appeal to the Court of Appeal dismissed.

R v Abeywickrema, 2010 ONCJ 565

The defendant placed a condom on his dog’s penis to stop him from ‘humping and ejaculating.’

Animal welfare receives an aggressive dog that is determined to have a condom tied around it’s penis resulting in extensive damage and the ultimate euthanasia of the dog. Subsequent investigation reveals the accused was responsible. Accused initially provided an exculpatory version of events but then admitted his involvement and claimed he had done it to try and curb the dog’s bad behaviour and his intention was remove the condom, however, the dog ran away and during his search for the dog he suffered a heart attack and was brought to hospital. It was verified the accused suffered a heart attack and the vet estimate for the time the condom was attached fit with the accused’s version of events.

At time of offence the accused was on parole for manslaughter, but had been complying with parole. He suffered mental health issues and was in sustained drug addiction remission.

Sentence: 4 months jail, 2 years probation, 5 year animal prohibition